Renal anemia is a condition that occurs in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) when their kidneys do not produce enough erythropoietin, a hormone that stimulates the production of red blood cells. This results in a decrease in the number of red blood cells in the body, leading to anemia. Renal anemia can have serious consequences, including fatigue, weakness, and an increased risk of heart problems. Treatment for renal anemia typically involves medications to stimulate red blood cell production, as well as management of underlying kidney disease.